Convention

Minamata Convention on Mercury  

The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a global treaty aimed at protecting human health and the environment from the harmful effects of mercury. Here’s a concise overview:

What is it about?

The convention addresses the lifecycle of mercury, from mining to waste management. It aims to:

• Phase out or reduce mercury use in products and processes.
• Control mercury emissions and releases.
• Promote safe storage and disposal of mercury waste.

Why was it created?

The convention was created in response to the severe health and environmental impacts of mercury pollution, highlighted by the Minamata disease in Japan (1950s), caused by mercury poisoning from industrial wastewater. It was adopted in 2013 and entered into force in 2017.

Impacts:

• Health: Reduces risks of mercury exposure, which can cause neurological and developmental damage.
• Environment: Limits mercury pollution in air, water, and soil, protecting ecosystems.
• Global Cooperation: Encourages countries to work together to manage mercury.

How it works:

Countries that are parties to the convention implement measures to:

• Ban or restrict mercury-added products (e.g., thermometers, batteries).
• Reduce mercury use in artisanal gold mining.
• Control industrial emissions and promote mercury-free alternatives.

COPs (Conference of the Parties):

As of now, four COPs have been held:

1. COP1 (2017) – Geneva, Switzerland
2. COP2 (2018) – Geneva, Switzerland
3. COP3 (2019) – Geneva, Switzerland
4. COP4 (2022) – Bali, Indonesia

These meetings review progress, adopt guidelines, and strengthen implementation.

Summary:

The Minamata Convention is a critical global effort to reduce mercury pollution, safeguard health, and protect the environment. Over 140 countries are now parties to the convention, working together to achieve its goals.